Race And Reunion The Civil War - 1581 Words

The theme of race and reunion had become a competition for memories with vastly different aspirations between the north and the south. Striving for a reunion, a majority of American white communities close obscure the civil war racial narrative would only fade. In race and reunion: The Civil War in American memory, by David Blight, represents how Americans chose to remember the Civil War conflict, from the beginning of the turning point of the war. The two major themes race and reunion, demonstrate how white Americans adjusted and altered the causes and outcomes of the Civil War to reflect their particular ideas regarding this catastrophic conflict between Northerners and Southerners era. Blight, addresses how these differences in cultures collided in the visions that they saw America becoming when reunited as a union after the Civil War, reconciliationists, White supremacy and emancipationist. Blight does an excellent job of showing the arguments between all three versions of the Ci vil War. As the emancipationist image kept a firm hold amongst ex-slaves, it lost much of its white support and political power. Reconciliation became more about healing, allowing racial injustice of the supremacist movement to seep into the landscape of national healing. why do Union veterans allow the real cause of the war, slavery, to disappear from the memory of the war – Blight strives to answer. Through a culture of remembrance, veterans looked back at their experience with a sort ofShow MoreRelatedThe Beginning Of The Civil War1289 Words   |  6 PagesAt the beginning of the Civil War the reasoning was nothing but clear. It can’t be ignored that the Civil War was in fact about slavery and that slavery was an issue â€Å"resolved† by the Civil War. Yes the war was initially about race and how the country â€Å"needed† to free slaves, David W. Blight states it, â€Å"The emancipationist vision, embodied in African Americans’ complex remembr ance of their own freedom, their politics of radical Reconstruction, and in conceptions of the war as the reinvention of theRead MoreEssay on The Romance of Renunion Summary669 Words   |  3 PagesThe Romance of Reunion Nina Silber’s historical analysis in The Romance of Reunion, takes an in depth look at the groundwork that was behind the reconstruction of the nation after the Civil War. While most historians refer to the political agenda behind fixing the segregated nation, Silber takes a moderately different approach and focuses more on reunification, rather than reconstruction. Her argument is made very clear throughout the book and through the use of numerous illustrations thatRead MoreWhat The American Public Always Wants Is A Tragedy With A Happy Ending1345 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"What the American public always wants is a tragedy with a happy ending.† Moreover, through the Civil War and the years it follow we see how the idea of what the Civil War means is revolutionized. At the beginning when the Civil War broke out many thought that they were fighting the South because they seceded from the Union. However, towards the end like Blight states, â€Å"In the final months of the Civil War, all participants knew they were living through transformations† (23). One needed to know whatRead MoreRace And Reunion, By David Blight882 Words   |  4 Pages As David Blight says in his novel, Race and Reunion, after the Civil War and emancipation, Americans were faced with the overwhelming task of trying to understand the relationship between â€Å"two profound ideas—healing and justice.† While he admits that both had to occur on some level, healing from the war was not the same â€Å"proposition† for many whites, especially veterans, as doing justice for the millions of emancipated slaves and their descendants (Blight 3). Blight claims that African AmericansRead MoreCivil War702 Words   |  3 Pages Cherokee Confederates reunion in New Orleans, 1903The Civil War is one of the central events in Americas collective memory. There are innumerable statues, commemorations, books and archival collections. The memory includes the home front, military affairs, the treatment of soldiers, both living and dead, in the wars aftermath, depictions of the war in literature and art, evaluations of heroes and villains, and considerations of the moral and political lessons of the war.[247] The last theme includesRead MoreSouthern Secession and the Causes for the Civil War1025 Words   |  4 Pages The issue of Southern secession and the causes for the Civil War have been immensely debated, researched, and written on. An analysis of just a small portion of these historical and sociological works reveals that just about every approach and position on the topic has been explored. Yet still today, nearly 150 years later, historians continue to find new ways to answer this age old question—why did the South secede? The debate continues as authors seek to make sense of the primary documentationRead MoreThe Glory Field By Walter Dean Myers1265 Words   |  6 PagesSadie Hosler 2 hour 11/09/15 Slavery to Segregation; Civil War to Civil Rights The Glory Field is a novel by Walter Dean Myers that follows the Lewis family through racism and segregation. It starts with Muhammad Bilal being captured from Africa in 1753. It follows through to see young Lizzy escape from slavery on the live Oaks plantation in South Carolina in 1864. After the Civil War, the family is given is plot of land they refer to as the â€Å"Glory Field†, which represents hope for the family duringRead MoreThe Impact Of Frederick Douglass And Abraham Lincoln1161 Words   |  5 Pagesimpact in the massive fight that was following the Civil War. As a result, Lincoln and Douglass did not completely change the way society functioned immediately after the Civil War, but they did make a dent. President Lincoln successfully ended the Civil War with a victory for the North. His efforts towards reuniting the country was a bumpy reunion; the South was awaiting its changes fearfully, but the North was joyous for the victory. During the war, Lincoln had issued the Emancipation ProclamationRead MoreSlavery And The Civil War1641 Words   |  7 PagesThe American civil war was in no doubt the most crucial event in history. No other war compares or even comes close to the casualties suffered. It helped conserve and maintain the Union, drastically changed the relationship between the federal and states government, and led to slavery’s abolition. This war has also stirred up many conflicts until this day about the conflicts and causes. Among the countless and even undiscovered questions comes the most common as being why the Southern states wereRead MoreEconomic, Social, and Political Problems in the Post-Civil War era1185 Words   |  5 PagesAmericans suffered many econom ic, social, and political problems in the post-Civil War era. I have identified one of each of these types of problems that I believe were among the most important during the period of 1865-1900. The economic issue that I believe had one of the biggest impacts on Americans at the time is the Great Railroad Strike of 1877. The social issue that I feel greatly affected America after the Civil War is Chinese immigration. One of the biggest political issues, to me, is the

Essay on Market Conditions Competitive Analysis - 1824 Words

Nike Shoe Company ECO 365 July 21, 2014 Alan Beideck Nike Shoe Company Introduction The current assembling practices of the shoe business, specifically organizations, for example, Nike, Reebok, Adidas, Converse, and New Balance, happens all through the world. With the business encountering extreme rivalry, and the item obliging concentrated work, firms are confronting amazing weight to build their overall revenues through their sourcing practices. The accompanying paper will dissect the tennis shoe industry, while inspecting the huge number of reasonable assembling alternatives, and scrutinizing their current assembling structure. Nike presently delights in a 47% piece of the overall industry of the local footwear industry, with†¦show more content†¦They have reacted to these issues through the Andrew Young report, the Dartmouth Study, and Ernst amp; Youngs nonstop checking, yet are still give or take two years away from totally tending to these issues all throughout the globe. History of Firm and Industry Two gentlemen, Phil Bowerman and Phil Knight formed an organization called Blue Ribbon Sports in 1964. Bill Bowerman was a nationally respected track and field coach at the University of Oregon. Phil Knight was a middle distance runner from Portland, Oregon who attended the University of Oregon in 1955 and competed on Bowermans track team. In May of 1971 Blue Ribbon Sports officially became Nike. The company name comes from the Greek goddess of victory. The Swoosh mark is put on everything that is made by Nike. By 2012 Nike had a revenue in excess of $24.1 billion and employed over 44,00 people worldwide. In 2010 the brand alone was valued at $10.7 billion, which made it the most valuable brand among sports businesses. The global retail sports apparel industry has been growing rapidly and is expected to continue that growth trend as it reaches approximately $125 billion in 2017. The increase in demand for sports apparel and promising demographic conditions throughout Asia are expected to boost the market over the forecast period. Some of the factors that drive the growth in the industry are increasing individual sport and athletic participation,Show MoreRelatedCurrent Market Conditions: A Competitive Analysis1615 Words   |  6 PagesCurrent Market Conditions Competitive Analysis Competitor analysis is a tool used in marketing as well as strategic management whereby an assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of an organizations both current and potential competitors is done. A useful technique in carrying out a competitor analysis is the construction of a competitor array. This is done through various steps first identification of the industry that the organization wants to venture into. This encompasses the scope and natureRead MoreCurrent Market Conditions Competitive Analysis1592 Words   |  7 PagesCurrent Market Conditions Competitive Analysis ECO/365 March 4th, 2013 Week 3 team assignment Current Market Conditions Competitive Analysis Introduction In a society that has seen historical economic fluctuations and shifts in one’s long-term employment, consumers are searching for the best bargains they can find. Consumers across the United States are looking for ways to save money; thus, searching for stores that will provide them with everything they need at a lower cost. CompaniesRead MoreCurrent Market Conditions Competitive Analysis1506 Words   |  7 PagesCurrent Market Conditions Competitive Analysis As a strategic planning group at Target, the group decided to develop a new product; a device similar to the MP3 player. This paper will discuss the results of the competitive market analysis and the products potential success after comparison to the primary competitors in the products market; Apple, Inc. It will also discuss a short history on Apple’s MP3 player, the factors that affect demand, supply, equilibrium prices in the market, and any issuesRead MoreCurrent Market Condition Competitive Analysis1646 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Current Market Conditions Competitive Analysis John Smith ECO/365 January 1, 2020 University of Phoenix Jane Doe Current Market Conditions Competitive Analysis Internet streaming alternatives for traditional television and radio are becoming increasingly popular. Companies such as Netflix, Hulu Plus, Pandora, Spotify, and the like are used in the everyday lives of a large percentage of Americans. 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The analysis focuses on our primary competition, factors that support our recommendations for maximizing the profit-making potential, and successfullyRead MoreCurrent Market Conditions Competitive Analysis1396 Words   |  6 PagesCurrent Market Conditions Competitive Analysis History of the Organization BMW Corporation, which started with a small aircraft engine plant, manufactures its products in 30 factories in Germany and thirteen other states scattered around the world. This is one of the few car companies, which does not use robots in factories. The entire assembly on the conveyor is performed manually. In the end there is only computer diagnostics of the basic parameters of the car. Within almost 100 years of experienceRead MoreCurrent Market Conditions Competitive Analysis1818 Words   |  8 PagesCurrent Market Conditions Competitive Analysis Nicole Williams, Miquail Broadous, Miguel Flores, James Johnson ECO/365 April 18, 2013 Chris Foster Current Market Conditions Competitive Analysis Baby Tech is a new company who specializes in making car seats for infant children (0 to 11 months). Our first product will be an electric car seat that comes with a remote control. Baby Techs Baby Soother electric car seat features the new technology with safety and comfort. This car seatRead MoreCurrent Market Conditions Competitive Analysis1606 Words   |  7 PagesCurrent Market Conditions Competitive Analysis The product that I have selected will be in the telecommunication arena. There are four major companies that compete for exclusivity for marketing purposes over my elected product of Apple product/s. There is one major competitor to my product and that would be Samsung and Sony, however, the smart-phone is no comparison to any other phone in my era to date. The companies listed all sell Apple products. ( Sprint, T-Mobile, Verizon, and AT T ) TheRead MoreCurrent Market Conditions Competitive Analysis2322 Words   |  10 PagesCurrent Market Conditions Competitive Analysis Apple Inc. is a firm located in Cupertino, CA, that has impacted the computer and electronic industry since April 1, 1976, by founders Steve Jobs, Ronald Wayne, and Steve Wozniak. Apple Inc. has ranked number to on the 2015 IndustryWeek 50 best US manufactures list, with a revenue of $182,795 million (â€Å"The 2015 IndustryWeek 50 Best US Manufacturers, 2016). Today Apple has created an industry of new and improved technology, with products such as theRead MoreCurrent Market Conditions Competitive Analysis1964 Words   |  8 PagesCurrent Market Conditions Competitive Analysis Christina Hand, Ray Philips, Emmet Flynn, Cat Guerrera, Christa Rehmeyer, Mike Norton, amp; Nikolas Morrow August 6, 2012 ECO/365 Franny Chan Factors that affect demand, supply, and equilibrium prices in the market in which the competing organization operates; define the market for your chosen product, including an analysis of its competitors, potential customers, or potential buyers. The cell phone market is a massive market; some studies

Nude In Western Paintings Persuasive Essay Example For Students

Nude In Western Paintings Persuasive Essay Thedepiction of the nude female model by a male artist in oil painting has played asignificant role in the western tradition over the last 500 years. The oilpainting of the female nude is subject to the artists interpretation of herform. She is affected by the artists desire for his model, as well as his artand she is torn between the artists inability to be both lover and painter. Hubert Damischs The Underneaths of Painting helps the reader understandthe importance of the male painters imaging of the female form. By analyzingBalzacs Unknown Masterpiece, Damisch uncovers several tangents to the uniquerelationship between artists and the women they create on canvas. Balzactells a tale of the truth behind the creative process of an artist and the wayhe perceives his vision when finally completed in oil. Poussin is a youngpainter who doesnt quite understand how the concepts of desire and love willaffect the perception of his model, and lover, Gilette. He soon embarks on ajourney that takes him underneath the paint: Under the paint and as its?truth, instead and in the place of the so-called picture, the exchangeassuming its last true face: a woman for a picture and a woman for what forms(or ought to) its subject. It is at this point in the picture where thesubterranean, archaeological presence of the woman reveals itself, thatsomething is given to see, something th at can be spoken, that can be named,something moreover alive, delectable, a foothold for desire; in a word,something that looks at us unlike the inexpressible wall of paint that holds itcaptive, (Damisch 202). There are many layers of paint put on to one canvas,but the image isnt visible right away, she must grow through thebrushstrokes. When the last brush of paint touches the canvas, her beauty isrevealed to the eye. The artist has created his masterpiece and she can bediscussed like a real woman now; she has a name, she has the personality theartist has given her which makes her come alive, she is so real that observersfeel the need to touch her and she looks right back. The paint from which shecame is an afterthought and because Poussin is hungry for a piece that canaccomplish all this, he chooses his work over his love. Damisch utilizesBalzacs tale to define the position of the artists heart. It is inevitablethat every painter that is dedicated to his work cannot be capable of lovinganything so much as the act of expressing ones self through paint. He fallsin love with his creation and there can be no room for a tangible love. Here isDamisch: one has to choose between being a lover and a painter. Poussinwill be assailed by doubt at the thought that another person could look atGilette, and look at her as only he was allowed to see her: naked. But thisdoubt will soon vanish: the young man will forget his mistress, he will desireonly to be a painter, he will see his art and nothing else, (Damisch 200). Poussin has not fully recognized the intensity of the connection that an artisthas with his work and doesnt realize that Gilette is whats holding himback. Since he shares his love with her and his work, Poussin cannot capturetrue realism in the females he depicts. Although he loves her at this point andcouldnt possibly think of letting anyone see Gilette, Poussin will discoverthat to let her pose for other artists isnt as shattering a suggestion whenhe creates the nude that will lend his heart solely to the act of expression. .u1b2354f8b0541d75df85be441246b124 , .u1b2354f8b0541d75df85be441246b124 .postImageUrl , .u1b2354f8b0541d75df85be441246b124 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1b2354f8b0541d75df85be441246b124 , .u1b2354f8b0541d75df85be441246b124:hover , .u1b2354f8b0541d75df85be441246b124:visited , .u1b2354f8b0541d75df85be441246b124:active { border:0!important; } .u1b2354f8b0541d75df85be441246b124 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1b2354f8b0541d75df85be441246b124 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1b2354f8b0541d75df85be441246b124:active , .u1b2354f8b0541d75df85be441246b124:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1b2354f8b0541d75df85be441246b124 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1b2354f8b0541d75df85be441246b124 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1b2354f8b0541d75df85be441246b124 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1b2354f8b0541d75df85be441246b124 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1b2354f8b0541d75df85be441246b124:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1b2354f8b0541d75df85be441246b124 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1b2354f8b0541d75df85be441246b124 .u1b2354f8b0541d75df85be441246b124-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1b2354f8b0541d75df85be441246b124:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: In Cold Blood: Summary EssayThe artist will then transfer his feelings of obsession for Gilette to his workand he will be able to love no other with the same intensity that he enjoys hiswork. Damisch questions the role of desire in the conversion of the female modelinto the artists Venus. He asks: What of the working of desire in itsrelation to the desire of the other? and then goes on to report that:we are amongst painters who only have eyes for painting. As far as Giletteis concerned she has no part in their commerce: she doesnt look at thepainting, but sees only the paintersPoussin, while drawing her, was no doubtlooking at her, but was not thinking about herShe does no t say: withoutdesiring her. For it was his desire that she should model for him, yet a desirewhich did not necessarily pass without explanation, at least for the one whowas, as it were its passing object. Gilette might have addedwhen it begs fora look: ?You never look at me from the place which I see you.it is onlyin painting that such a request had meaning, and one may at one and the sametimefind a woman beautiful and desire her, at the place from where she islooking at us, on the canvas, (Damisch 200). The artist has desired to attaina beautiful, inspirational model to develop his masterpiece- he doesnt desirethe physical form of his muse. Gilette may argue that Poussin doesnt want herfor the same reasons that she wants him, but she does not understand that thiscomplaint can only be made by the female nude on the canvas: the test of truedesire on the artists part is if he can look into his painting and he feelsthe need to caress the canvas- then he has perfected his image. Poussin mistakesthe desire he has for Gilette to model for him for an emotional desire and whenshe does she can see he isnt looking on her with a lustful gaze- his eye isclinical in nature. To comprehend the importance of the relationship amongartists and their oil paintings of the female nude, one must understand thesignificance of each one of these factors. For centuries artists have tried tomaster the conception of the artist and his work, but this task seems fleeting:How can one artist represent the situation of every painter? Because this featis impossible, we arrive at a variety of works that all try to express the sametopic, but end up drastically different. What is true to all of therepresentations of the female nude by the male painter is that she is alwayssubject to the desire and love of her creator.

Lord of the Flies Paragraphs Analysis free essay sample

Paragraphs to explain memorable literary devices/ key images/quotations. * Imagery of Wounds (Symbolism, Imagery, Allegory) From the moment the boys land on the island, we begin to see signs of destruction. Over and over we are told of the â€Å"scar† in the scenery left by the plane. The water they bathe in is â€Å"warmer than blood. † The boys leave â€Å"gashes† in the trees when they travel. The lightning is a â€Å"blue-white scar† and the thunder â€Å"the blow of a gigantic whip,† later an â€Å"explosion†. It makes me think about the big question of whether the boys are violent by nature or were made violent by their surroundings. The story turns out evil because the island is already so steeped in violence (think the thunder and lightning), the boys * Ralph’s growing Hair (Symbolism) What we meant to say was that Ralph’s hair was a  symbol  for his growing savagery. That shaggy mop eventually has a life of its own. We will write a custom essay sample on Lord of the Flies Paragraphs Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The narrative always makes a point of telling us that it’s in Ralph’s face, that he wishes he could cut it, that it makes him feel dirty and uncivilized. We  know  the hair has to be a big deal because the very first words of the novel are, â€Å"The boy with fair hair lowered himself down†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Getting your haircut is one of the perks of civilization, many of which Ralph and the others have had to give up. It also reminds us that the boys have been on the island for quite a while now; this is no mere weekend getaway. Lastly, there’s something horribly disturbing about his hair just growing, growing, with no way to stop it and the assumption that it will simply go on forever, much like the boys’ growing violence and the increasingly savage occurrences on the island. The Pig Hunts (Symbolism, Imagery, Allegory) The pig hunts are used throughout  Lord of the Flies  to symbolize not only man’s capacity for destruction and violence, but also the basic idea of bloodlust, mass hysteria, and ritual. In the most important pig hunt scene, we are given a vivid description of the slaughter of a mother pig, a nd I see that the boys have taken on a new viciousness in their desire to hunt. This is no longer about just having meat to eat – the boys are obviously enjoying the power that they feel over the helpless animals and are excited by the blood spilling over their hands. Many critics describe this as a rape scene, with the excitement coming partly from the blood and partly from their newly emerging feelings of sexuality. As the story continues, we see the boys acting out this pig hunt over and over, in a sort of ritual, using various boys to act as the pigs, and this â€Å"play-acting,† takes a horrifying turn when, in a frenzy of violence, Simon is beaten to death by the mob of excited boys. * Face paint (Metaphor) This is the excuse many of the boys use for living as hunting savages, instead of civilized English citizens. The paint symbolizes the smoke screen the beast uses to infiltrate the boys’ souls. * The Parachute Man (Metaphor) The dead body flying in the parachute symbolizes the end of adult supervision of the boys on the island. While the parachute man is flapping back and forth on the island, conjuring up a powerful image of its prolonged death, the Beast, or Lord of the Flies, is prospering under its new control over Jack and most of the other boys on the island. So while the law and order of the adult world is waning, childish chaos is growing exponentially Beast (Metaphor, symbolism) The beast, the Lord of the Flies, is seen as a real object on the island, which frightens the boys. Actually the beast is something internal; the Lord of the Flies is in soul and mind of the boys, leading them to the natural chaos of a society with no reasoning adults. Only Simon understands what the real beast is, but is killed when he tries to tell the boys about the Lord of the Flies. I think this s ymbolism perfectly reflected the evil side of humanity and I think that’s why this novel is named â€Å"Lord of the Flies†.

How to Write an Evaluation Essay on Medical Ethics

How to Write an Evaluation Essay on Medical Ethics The purpose of writing an evaluation essay on medical ethics is to demonstrate the quality of a particular place, product, service, or program. You might also want to demonstrate the overall quality of any of the items above. Any valuation you produce will have some form of opinion if you do it properly but the goal here is not to come off as highly opinionated but instead to effectively evaluate something with reason and lack of bias. The key to making this happen is to establish criteria which you will then use to make clear judgments based on fair evidence. Criterion.  Criteria means you establish what an ideal service, products, or place really is. You have to demonstrate to your reader what they should expect from an ideal outcome. Having a clear list of criteria is what prevents your evaluation from seeming more like an opinion piece. For example, if you are evaluating a medical classroom, you want to establish what criteria will make a good school classroom such as the quality of education, the deadline, the teacher, and the interactions used by the teacher and student. You then apply this criteria to the specific classroom you are evaluating for your evaluation essay on medical ethics. Judgement.  The judgment section of your evaluation essay on medical ethics is where you establish whether or not the criteria you listed is met. In other words, you judge the product, place, book, or thing for what it actually is. You take the criteria you established as ideal and evaluate whether your topic or Target meet this standard of quality or whether perhaps it exceeds the standard of quality. Evidence.  The evidence is where you provide support for the Judgment you made. If your judgment is that a particular class does not consistently offer high-quality education, you will need to support this with evidence to show how you came to this conclusion and why that conclusion is sound. Structure of Your Essay.  Generally speaking every paragraph in your evaluation essay on medical ethics will focus on one criterion, followed by one judgment and the supporting evidence. Because of this it is important that your evaluation contain several different lists of criteria and judgments.  You must also make sure that you offer a thesis at the very beginning such that your reader knows what your evaluation is going to be. Once again, you want to clearly state what your criteria, judgment, and evidence will be so that the reader understands when the evaluation is mostly positive and when it is mostly negative. Picking Your Topic.  If you are allowed to select your topic, it is important that you focus on something specific and not something vague. When writing about something in the medical field or the field of ethics, you dont want to cover just medical ethics as a whole. You want to cover one specific aspect not a range of similar aspects. The more you know a topic before you start the easier it will be for you to establish the necessary criteria, judgment and supporting evidence. This concludes our guide on how to write an evaluation essay on medical ethics. We hope you enjoyed it and proudly follow it up with our 10 facts on medical ethics for evaluation essay as well as 20 topics and 1 sample essay.

APA Style Basics

APA Style Basics Traditionally, reports and papers are built on the findings of those who have gone before us. In fact, few solid papers and analyses have been accepted without the backing of secondary sources. However, you will need to cite these sources in a consistent and accepted style, in order to ensure your paper is correctly formatted. The APA style was developed by the American Psychological Association just for this use. Creating a comprehensive system of documentation, and streamlining it into an easy-to-use format, the APA style has become popular with businesses and academics alike. In fact, it is one of the most widely used methods of documentation. In order to use this modern documentation method, you will need to familiarize yourself with APA style. Like any system, it is useless unless properly implemented. You need a tool to help you learn how to correctly cite the sources you use, and a way to make those citations easy and time-effective. Luckily, there is a host of APA style information available to you by way of modern technology. From APA templates to easily inserted sources, you can find software that will implement the intricacies of APA style for you. You can find the best APA formatting software from online companies who specialize in documentation sourcing.

Contract Analysis. Newport Management Corp. Administrative and Research Paper

Contract Analysis. Newport Management Corp. Administrative and CoreLogic Tax Outsourcing Service Agreements - Research Paper Example It is a services agreement entered into between the company and Citi Loan Services. Performance for the servicer, which is Citi Loan Services, on the other hand, is measured against its obligations, stipulated clearly in the contract as well. This includes exclusivity of the engagement on the part of the Servicer, whereas the contract is non-exclusive for the Company (Newport Management Corp.). B. Quality The provisions in general are adequate and provide termination and escape clauses for non-performance as well as for breach of contract terms. Performance quality is measured in terms of compliance with the obligations on both sides. There are representation clauses too, as well as privacy and confidentiality clauses and audit clauses that offer substantial legal protection for both parties in those areas. There is a set period of three years for the contract, and terms for a yearly renewal, as well as termination clauses. The indemnification and arbitration clauses are detailed and comprehensive, and cover many substantial areas of potential dispute. Quality standards for service are also clearly stipulated in the Appendix, Appendix D, giving the servicer concrete metrics with which to gauge the quality of service provided by the Company. There are clauses too that strictly define the terms of indemnification and the limitations on potential liabilities on the part of both parties. (Newport Management Corp.). C. Financial Compliance ' Financial compliance clauses are stipulated under fees, and in the provisions relating to performance and to termination, arbitration, and audit clauses. All these are premised on servicer complying with the financial terms of the agreement, where the Company gets a fixed fee for every processed insurance item. The clauses on arbitration provide another means to further reinforce or to clarify contract terms relating to financial compliance and other matters of interest to both parties (Newport Management Corp.). D. Compliance a nd Risk Management ' The limitation on liability is an express clause that provides a level of risk protection for both parties in the case of legal disputes arising out of the activities of either or both. This is a way for both parties to manage the risks of engaging with one another, together with the clauses on representation. On the other hand, the indemnification, arbitration, confidentiality and privacy as well as security, audit, and standard metrics for measuring performance all reinforce the safety of the undertaking and secure compliance from both parties, while mitigating the risks of harm to both in the event of breach of contract. In all the detailed coverage of these aspects of the contract add to managing the risks of entering into the agreement for Newport and Citi Loans, while providing provisions to make sure that both perform their obligations under it (Newport Management Corp.). II. CoreLogic Tax Outsourcing Service Agreement A. Performance There are few provisi ons for securing the performance of the customer where the customer is in breach of its obligations. There are no explicit clauses that define what the obligations of the customer are under the contract, and where the penalties for non-performance of

Stats16 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Stats16 - Essay Example Answer True False   Question 5    If other factors are held constant, then increasing the sample standard deviation will increase the likelihood of rejecting the null hypothesis. Answer True False   Question 6    If all other factors are held constant, increasing the sample size from n = 25 to n = 100 will increase the power of a statistical test. Answer True False   Question 7    By selecting a smaller alpha level, a researcher is ___. Answer a. attempting to make it easier to reject H 0 b. better able to detect a treatment effect c. reducing the risk of a Type I error d. All of the above.   Question 8    The critical boundaries for a hypothesis test are z = +1.96 and -1.96. If the z-score for the sample data is z = -1.90, then what is the correct statistical decision? Answer a. Fail to reject H 1. b. Fail to reject H 0. c. Reject H 1. d. Reject H 0.   Question 9    Increasing the alpha level (for example, from ? = .01 to ? = .05) ____. Answer a. increases the pr obability of a Type I error b. increases the size of the critical region c. increases the probability that the sample will fall into the critical region d. All of the above    Question 10    In a hypothesis test, an extreme z-score value, like z = +3 or z = +4, ____. Answer a. is probably in the critical region b. means that you should probably reject the null hypothesis c. ... concluded that a treatment has no effect when it really does d. concluded that a treatment has an effect when it really has no effect   Question 12    A Type I error means that a researcher has ____. Answer a. concluded that a treatment has an effect when it really does b. concluded that a treatment has no effect when it really has no effect c. concluded that a treatment has no effect when it really does d. concluded that a treatment has an effect when it really has no effect   Question 13    A researcher risks a Type I error ____. Answer a. anytime H 0 is rejected b. anytime H 1 is rejected c. anytime the decision is "fail to reject H 0" d. All of the other options are correct.    Question 14    A researcher conducts a hypothesis test to evaluate the effect of a treatment. The hypothesis test produces a z-score of z = ?2.60. Assuming that the researcher is using a two-tailed test, what is the correct statistical decision? Answer a. Reject the null hypothesis with ? = .05 but not with ? = .01. b. Reject the null hypothesis with either ? = .05 or ? = .01. c. Fail to reject the null hypothesis with either ? = .05 or ? = .01. d. cannot answer without additional information   Question 15    A researcher uses a hypothesis test to evaluate H 0 ? = 80. Which combination of factors is most likely to result in rejecting the null hypothesis? Answer a. M = 85 and ? = 10 b. M = 85 and ? = 20 c. M = 90 and ? = 10 d. M = 90 and ? = 20   Question 16    A researcher uses a hypothesis test to evaluate H 0 ? = 80. Which combination of factors is most likely to result in rejecting the null hypothesis? Answer a. M = 85 and n = 10 b. M = 85 and n = 20 c. M = 90 and n = 10 d. M = 90 and n = 20   Question 17    A researcher uses a hypothesis test to evaluate H 0 ?= 80. Which

Consequences of Exploration for Europeans and the Indigenous Peoples Essay Example for Free

Consequences of Exploration for Europeans and the Indigenous Peoples Essay In 1492, Christopher Columbus landed in the Caribbean bearing the name of the Spanish Crown in hopes that he had landed in the Indies of Asia using a direct sea route. Though that is not where he landed, his New World was a place of great wealth, new materials and crops, new source of labor, and new land for the European nations. The consequences for the native people of the Americas were much worse with devastating death tolls, enslavement, new diseases and racist attitudes towards them. Though it would not be fair to say that the Europeans did not share in negative consequences or that the indigenous people did not gain any advantages. The greatest negative consequences for the Europeans due to the European expansion are a devastating economic revolution, and the introduction of the venereal disease Syphilis. Once the Spanish began to mine the precious ores of America the wealth of Spain underwent a major transformation. Demanding one-fifth of all profit, the Crown became immensely rich and this showed in their influence on the rest of Europe, seeing that other countries now lacked the material wealth of Spain. Throughout this time of great wealth the population rose steadily in Spain. With population increase, came an increased demand for food and merchandise. Spain had expelled a large amount of their skilled farmers, workers, merchants and businessmen during the Inquisition when they cleansed their country of the Jewish and Muslim people. Along with the demand in Spain, the demand for Spanish and European products in the Americas also became hard to keep up with. With the ever-increasing influx of silver bullion the prices in Spain began to rise and the inflation quadrupled the prices of everything within thirty years. In 1556, Martin de Azpilcueta Navarro, a Spanish canon lawyer, writes about the influx of American silver as the cause of the inflation. We see by experience that in France, where money is scarcer than in Spain, bread, wine, cloth, and labour are worth much less. And even in Spain, in times when money was scarcer, saleable goods and labour were given for very much less than after the discovery of the Indies, which flooded the country with gold and silver. The reason for this is that money is worth more where and when it is scarce than where and when it is abundant. Along with this, the Spanish king Philip II spent more money on outside enterprises to worsen his countries debt. When needing to pay his debt to other countries, he also paid in silver bullion spreading the inflation to the rest of Europe. The discovery of the Americas led Europe to inflation and increased prices and Spain to almost complete debt by the seventeenth century. Besides silver and gold, the native people of the Americas passed Syphilis on to the Spanish who came to settle there. In five year time, Syphilis had spread to Russia from the European Atlantic coast. Though it could not be proven, Syphilis is thought to have originated in Espaniola because no evidence of Syphilis exists in Europe before 1493. These open sores, boils, and aches in the joints caused excruciating pains to many Europeans due to this quickly widespread venereal disease. The only proven effective way to treat Syphilis was from drinking the boiled bark of the guaiacum tree which only grew in Espaniola. Though no exact numbers were calculated for Syphilis it could not be compared to the death tolls that the European diseases left on the Indian populations. In a period of 130 years, something like 95 percent of all Native Americans died of disease. That number is far greater than experts (until recently) had ever suspected. The Native Americans who survived the plagues were, of course, completely demoralized and depressed by this tremendous loss of their loved ones, of their lifestyle, and of their ancient culture. (Bib 2. ) The 95 percent population loss of the Natives was staggering compared to probably one percent death caused by Syphilis. Thus though Syphilis was a negative consequence of European expansion it proved minor compare to the Indigenous peoples loss due to European disease. Besides new crops and animals the indigenous people were introduced to new religions, medicines and ways of life that helped better themselves. Christianity was introduced to the indigenous people thanks to very ardent Catholicism from the Spanish and Portuguese. These Christians taught of love, equality and a heaven after death for those who acted well on earth. For many indigenous people this religion called to them and they were converted. Those who did not convert voluntarily were either forced to convert or killed. The native people actually became very passionate about this religion and even followed religious doctrines more closely than the Spanish conquistadors. The natives began to spread peace and love as a bigger doctrine than territory fighting which shows how religion was a positive outcome from European expansion. New technology and medicine helped more effectively cure the local people and brought new light to the topic. In Pre-Colombian times the Indian populations would come to the ailing and stay by their side through illness thus probably catching the illness themselves, the Europeans taught to isolate the sick and better medicines to treat them. The lives that new medicines saved in the Americas is immeasurable but probably still do not compare to the lives lost from European diseases. New technologies such as guns, steel and sailing equipment helped build stronger weapons than the ones previously possessed by Indians, and a new material from which objects could be made. Very strong steel could be used to make protection from swords and swords themselves thus fortifying indigenous peoples ability to make weapons, protect themselves, and hunt. Many thousands of things brought from Europe helped make indigenous life better such as candles to light the night and paper so writing and language could be better developed. Though much understated there were many positive outcomes from European expansion to the indigenous people of the Americas and even a few negative outcomes for the Europeans themselves. More often than not, when talking about the European expansion into America, the Europeans seem to get much better rewards from their expansion. And they actually did. They reaped much higher rewards from their conquest of the Americas than the indigenous people, yet it cannot be forgotten that both peoples had multiple sides to their gains and losses due to European expansion. Bibliography Quotes: {draw:frame} 1. Why were Native Americans so vulnerable to European diseases? (article). Articles on how to feel good more often and get more done. Web. 10 Oct. 2009. http://www. youmeworks. com/why_native_americans. html. Galloway, J. H. The Sugar Cane Industry An Historical Geography from its Origins to 1914 (Cambridge Studies in Historical Geography). New York: Cambridge UP, 2005. Print. American Indian past and present. Norman: University of Oklahoma, 2008. Print. Other Info: Spanish colonization of the Americas -. Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Web. 11 Oct. 2009. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Spanish_colonization_of_the_Americas. Native Americans in the United States European colonization. Spiritus-Temporis. com Historical Events, Latest News, News Archives. Web. 11 Oct. 2009. http://www. spiritus-temporis. com/native-americans-in-the-united-states/european-colonization. html.

F. Scott Fitzgerald in Hollywood :: Biography Biographies Essays

F. Scott Fitzgerald in Hollywood "I saw the novel...was becoming subordinated to a mechanical...art...I had a hunch that the talkies would make even the best selling novelist as archaic as silent pictures." (Mizener 165) F. Scott Fitzgerald was keenly aware of the shift in the public's interest from novels to movies. This change made Hollywood stand alone for Fitzgerald as the sole means for expressing his talent and for gaining appropriate recognition, as well as the new way to make money. For F. Scott Fitzgerald, the combination of celebrity and financial benefits made Hollywood an alluring scene. In 1927 Fitzgerald got his first chance to go to Hollywood. The financially strained Fitzgeralds moved out to California when Scott accepted an offer from John Considine of United Artists. While in Hollywood, Zelda and Scott fell into a lively social scene. It was during this time that Scott met the actress Lois Moran. The mutual attraction inspired Scott to take a screen test so that he could star in a movie with her. While Scott never got to act with Lois, he did use her to create the character of Rosemary in Tender Is the Night - even including the screen test arrangement! Social engagements aside, Fitzgerald worked hard on his script for United Artists. Titled Lipstick, the movie was to be designed specifically for Constance Talmadge, a well-known actress of the time. The script was ultimately rejected, however, and the Fitzgeralds left California. Years later, Fitzgerald commented on this time in Hollywood, At that time, I had been generally acknowledged for several years as the top American writer both seriously and, as far as prices went, popularly. I...was confidant to the point of conceit. Hollywood made a big fuss over us and the ladies all looked very beautiful to a man of thirty. I honestly believed that with no effort on my part I was a sort of magician with words...Total result - a great time and no work. I was to be paid only a small amount unless they made my picture - they didn't. (Mizener 205) Fitzgerald had officially begun his painful relationship with Hollywood, which for the remainder of his life would simultaneously represent endless promise and unceasing frustration. The second time Fitzgerald went to Hollywood was in 1931, under the invitation of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer who wanted Scott to do an adaptation of Red-Headed Woman, a book by Katherine Brush.

Hr Management

I will look into the current employment legislation that organizations are faced with in regards to recruitment, (HOC) adopts, considering how I can make appropriate recommendations to improve the process as a whole as well as keeping the process compliant with the legislation. Investigate personnel requirements and undertake a Job analysis for an identified post. The importance of recruiting the right caliber of people for an organization is essential for many reasons, decreasing staff turnover, organizational costs, morale in existing workforce and the overall added value to organizational strategy and goals.Whilst I was researching which potential vacancy to use as the basis for completing this assignment, I immediately thought of a vacancy within the HER department that would be described as business critical to the HOC, the position is HER Pensions Administrator. The Requirements of the HER Pensions Administrator The post is the only resource allocated to pensions administration in the HOC, with a responsibility for compliance with legislative requirements, HEMP regulations and for compliance with the requirements of the Pensions Regulator.It is a standalone post, tit day to day responsibility for the administration of the pension agreements for over 1500 members, as well as liaising with the local Government Pension Schemes which we have inherited. They are also responsible for providing first line support to the Secretary of the Trustees, including day to day management of scofflaws, investment arrangements and liaison with the Scheme Actuary and other professional advisors. The peashooter is responsible for processing HOC Scheme joiners and leavers and is first point of contact for scheme members in relation to all ensign enquiries.They are also responsible for ensuring that all Scheme benefits (normal, retirements, Ill health retirements, death in service and other early retirements) are calculated accurately and paid in a timely manner. Taking the fin dings from the Job analysis and the information gathered by the different techniques used, I concluded that the reasons above explain why this specific post is business critical to the organization and that the post holder requires specific technical skills and experience needed to fulfill the entirety of the Job successfully.To investigate exactly what this post entails and to complete my Job analysis, I exercised a few different techniques to obtain the information required; Interview – I set up an informal interview with the post holder to capture a good background of the Jobs expectancies, who the main stakeholders/customers are and how stressful a job it is. This technique was the most helpful when putting together my Job Description and Personal Specification, as I was able to establish the main pinch points, as well as the most important requirements needed for this particular post.Observation – I thought shadowing the post holder would be way of attaining the J ob from a practical aspect. I found this to be an particularly worthwhile technique to gain more information I require for my Job analysis, you really get a feel of the day to day tasks involved, the conversation's you have with customers/stakeholder, the pressures of the Job and how this post fits in with the other departments within the organization.Diaries, Logs and Journals – This post requires an extremely organized proactive person, there are a number of ‘pinch' points that are critical to the post and low chart as an example of the type of tasks involved. (Please refer to Appendix 1). Job Description for HER Pensions Administrator and Personal Specification – Please refer to Appendix 2 For the Personal Specification I chose to use a well-known system known as ‘Rogers Seven Point Plan (1970)' as well as Hack's competencies to outline what the ideal person for the Job would be.Personal specifications have to be prepared and used carefully. In particula r, it is important to ensure that the essential or desired competencies do not lead to unlawful discrimination against potential applicants. Examine Employment legislation with regards to recruitment Evaluate current employment legislation as it affects recruitment and selection of personnel The Equality Act came into play on 1 October 2010, its main aim was to make the framework more efficient, simpler and more consistent at how employers can prevent discrimination.There have been recent changes to the act to make it much more streamlined and to strengthen the law on equality overall. The Equality Act covers the following groups of legislation * age * disability * gender reassignment * race religion or belief * sex * sexual orientation * marriage and civil partnership * pregnancy and maternity The list of groups above are now known as the ‘Protected Characteristics' I will now chose a selection of the groups above and explain how they impact the recruitment and selection in m y organization.Disability â€Å"Disability in employment terms refers to physical or mental impairment which has a substantial and long-term adverse affect on a person's ability to carry out normal day-to-day activities. † (CHIP Recruitment & Selection) As the HOC is a public sector odd, we as a HER department or even on a wider scale, the organization as a whole has a duty of care to be as compliant with all forms of law and legislation. If we are found that we are not compliant we would have to answer to the Unions as well as the Government itself.It would also leave us open for grievances and tribunals that can destroy an organizations reputation as an employer. The HOC are members of the ‘Two Ticks' Positive about Disabled People Scheme, this is where a disabled person is guaranteed an interview if they meet the minimum criteria for the Job. Its main aim it to stop the recruiting managers/employers using disability as a disadvantage to potential candidates. In our p rocess we incorporate into the short- listing stage so that the recruiting managers are aware of which applicants have with a note at the bottom to advising or should I say reminding them of best practice.If they do meet the minim criteria and therefore invited to interview, we then ask the candidate if there are any reasonable adjustments we need to make to accommodate them at the interview stage so no one is disadvantaged in any way. For example, we ad a candidate who was dyslexic, met the essential criteria and invited for interview. As it was quite a high profile Job, they we required to attend an assessment day. In order to make it a fair assessment we made reasonable adjustments to give the candidate more time when reading and completing certain tasks.I do think that HOC as an employer adheres to the scheme and certainly takes it very seriously. Although, I would go a step further and suggest that we (HER) keep the copy of the highlighted form and send the recruiting manager a short-listing form without the disabled antedates highlighted (if any). That way there will be no way the recruiting manager can indirectly discriminate or think they have a duty to short-list the disabled candidates even if the criteria has not been met.Age Discrimination The Age Discrimination Act is there to protect people of all ages. When advertising as an employer we have to take age discrimination into account, we make sure we avoid words such as young and dynamic' as this may indicate that we are looking for someone of a certain age. Even the placement of an advert needs to be Justified, if oh place an advert in a publication or website that only a certain age group look at that may be seen as indirect discrimination.Therefore, when writing Job adverts for the HOC we focus on the skills attributes needed to fulfill the Job. We use the same methodology through to the selection process, at no point to we ask the candidate their age or D. O. B or direct any question or referen ce to the subject. This is to ensure that all candidates are treated fairly as possible and to give every candidate equal opportunity for being selected. Pregnancy & Maternity This protects women during pregnancy and throughout her Maternity and to any statutory Maternity leave she is entitled to.An employer is not allowed to discriminate against you if pregnant or on maternity leave, examples of this type of discrimination are; * For asking to take time off to attend ante-natal classes * because you are unable to do your Job during your pregnancy for health and safety reasons * because you asked to take maternity leave or you are on maternity leave. * By not giving you what you are entitled to whilst pregnant or on maternity leave If n employee feels they have been treated unfairly because of being pregnant or on maternity leave they could raise a grievance or submit a claim too tribunal.In the few years of being in the HER profession, this is a subject that crops up more often tha n others and can be quite a delicate matter to deal with in some instances. The HOC has gone through a number of changes in the last 5 years, and we as HER professionals need to respond to any changes with internal and external factors that affect us, but most importantly legislation. In order for us to meet the expectations of he legislation we ensure the following; * Perform a Health & Safety risk assessment as soon as we are advised of the pregnancy * KIT days (Keep in Touch Days – 10 of which you are entitled to when on maternity leave). Advise and notify the and 32 weeks half pay with SMS * Flexi-time * Job protection during a restructure whilst pregnant or on maternity leave * Informs an employee of any training and development opportunities available * Full 33 holiday entitlement as well as any bank holidays added to the maternity leave To add to the situation there has been a new developments with The Children's and implies Bill. The Bill was presented to Parliament o n 4th February this year and has been selected to be will carried forward into 2014.The bill seeks to reform legislation such as; Statutory rights to leave and pay for parent's and adopters, time off work for ante-natal care and the right to request flexible working. There are many factors that the HER team need to consider that can affect the recruitment process and how effective it is, which meaner a good planned recruitment and selection system is very important to the employment of the right people. Hr Management Case Incident 1 MOTIVATION IN THE HONG KONG POLICE FORCE Would you be interested in working as a hong kong police officer ? why or why not? I would be interested in working as a hong kong police officer because the keenness to boost the morale and motivation through appreciation and encouragement. To how many examples in this case can you apply motivation theories? Grant the commissioner of police's certificate of academic merit1 internal and external award schemes that emphasize positive reinforcement instead of punishment. 3 Grant the bravery awards. One may argue that the recipients of the honors and awards are only a fraction of all police officers. Suggest other effective ways to motivate the police officers. Although pay is not the primary factor driving job satisfaction, it is a motivator. Establish a pay structure (Internal ; External Pay Equity). – Establish Variable-pay programs (Merit-Based Pay). Pays for individual performance based on performance appraisal results . If appraisals are designed correctly, workers performing at a high level will get more pay. Case Incident 1 TOYOTA'S TEAM CULTURE Do you think Toyota has succeeded because of its team-oriented culture, or do you think it would have succeeded without it? Indeed. This is because Toyota structures its work around team.They are not used only in the production process but also at every level and in every function: Sales and marketing, finance, engineering, design and executive level. Do you think you would be comfortable working in Toyota’s culture? Why or why not? Yes, Because. Toyota’s culture seems to excel with this strategy of team orienting. Apparently, the CEO has a culture where he is not the mega star behind the scenes, but by his employees working collectively in team efforts are achieving high level of outcomes if all the levels of the organization.In response to the recession and the firm's first-ever quarterly loss, Toyota's managers accepted a 10 percent pay cut in 2009 to avoid employee layoffs. Do you think such a response is a good means of promoting camaraderie? What are the risks in such a plan? Layoffs can lead to stress and guilt for employees who stick around. That means reduced productivity and higher health care costs for the company. And cutting is expected to increase the number of layoffs in the coming year. Hr Management I will look into the current employment legislation that organizations are faced with in regards to recruitment, (HOC) adopts, considering how I can make appropriate recommendations to improve the process as a whole as well as keeping the process compliant with the legislation. Investigate personnel requirements and undertake a Job analysis for an identified post. The importance of recruiting the right caliber of people for an organization is essential for many reasons, decreasing staff turnover, organizational costs, morale in existing workforce and the overall added value to organizational strategy and goals.Whilst I was researching which potential vacancy to use as the basis for completing this assignment, I immediately thought of a vacancy within the HER department that would be described as business critical to the HOC, the position is HER Pensions Administrator. The Requirements of the HER Pensions Administrator The post is the only resource allocated to pensions administration in the HOC, with a responsibility for compliance with legislative requirements, HEMP regulations and for compliance with the requirements of the Pensions Regulator.It is a standalone post, tit day to day responsibility for the administration of the pension agreements for over 1500 members, as well as liaising with the local Government Pension Schemes which we have inherited. They are also responsible for providing first line support to the Secretary of the Trustees, including day to day management of scofflaws, investment arrangements and liaison with the Scheme Actuary and other professional advisors. The peashooter is responsible for processing HOC Scheme joiners and leavers and is first point of contact for scheme members in relation to all ensign enquiries.They are also responsible for ensuring that all Scheme benefits (normal, retirements, Ill health retirements, death in service and other early retirements) are calculated accurately and paid in a timely manner. Taking the fin dings from the Job analysis and the information gathered by the different techniques used, I concluded that the reasons above explain why this specific post is business critical to the organization and that the post holder requires specific technical skills and experience needed to fulfill the entirety of the Job successfully.To investigate exactly what this post entails and to complete my Job analysis, I exercised a few different techniques to obtain the information required; Interview – I set up an informal interview with the post holder to capture a good background of the Jobs expectancies, who the main stakeholders/customers are and how stressful a job it is. This technique was the most helpful when putting together my Job Description and Personal Specification, as I was able to establish the main pinch points, as well as the most important requirements needed for this particular post.Observation – I thought shadowing the post holder would be way of attaining the J ob from a practical aspect. I found this to be an particularly worthwhile technique to gain more information I require for my Job analysis, you really get a feel of the day to day tasks involved, the conversation's you have with customers/stakeholder, the pressures of the Job and how this post fits in with the other departments within the organization.Diaries, Logs and Journals – This post requires an extremely organized proactive person, there are a number of ‘pinch' points that are critical to the post and low chart as an example of the type of tasks involved. (Please refer to Appendix 1). Job Description for HER Pensions Administrator and Personal Specification – Please refer to Appendix 2 For the Personal Specification I chose to use a well-known system known as ‘Rogers Seven Point Plan (1970)' as well as Hack's competencies to outline what the ideal person for the Job would be.Personal specifications have to be prepared and used carefully. In particula r, it is important to ensure that the essential or desired competencies do not lead to unlawful discrimination against potential applicants. Examine Employment legislation with regards to recruitment Evaluate current employment legislation as it affects recruitment and selection of personnel The Equality Act came into play on 1 October 2010, its main aim was to make the framework more efficient, simpler and more consistent at how employers can prevent discrimination.There have been recent changes to the act to make it much more streamlined and to strengthen the law on equality overall. The Equality Act covers the following groups of legislation * age * disability * gender reassignment * race religion or belief * sex * sexual orientation * marriage and civil partnership * pregnancy and maternity The list of groups above are now known as the ‘Protected Characteristics' I will now chose a selection of the groups above and explain how they impact the recruitment and selection in m y organization.Disability â€Å"Disability in employment terms refers to physical or mental impairment which has a substantial and long-term adverse affect on a person's ability to carry out normal day-to-day activities. † (CHIP Recruitment & Selection) As the HOC is a public sector odd, we as a HER department or even on a wider scale, the organization as a whole has a duty of care to be as compliant with all forms of law and legislation. If we are found that we are not compliant we would have to answer to the Unions as well as the Government itself.It would also leave us open for grievances and tribunals that can destroy an organizations reputation as an employer. The HOC are members of the ‘Two Ticks' Positive about Disabled People Scheme, this is where a disabled person is guaranteed an interview if they meet the minimum criteria for the Job. Its main aim it to stop the recruiting managers/employers using disability as a disadvantage to potential candidates. In our p rocess we incorporate into the short- listing stage so that the recruiting managers are aware of which applicants have with a note at the bottom to advising or should I say reminding them of best practice.If they do meet the minim criteria and therefore invited to interview, we then ask the candidate if there are any reasonable adjustments we need to make to accommodate them at the interview stage so no one is disadvantaged in any way. For example, we ad a candidate who was dyslexic, met the essential criteria and invited for interview. As it was quite a high profile Job, they we required to attend an assessment day. In order to make it a fair assessment we made reasonable adjustments to give the candidate more time when reading and completing certain tasks.I do think that HOC as an employer adheres to the scheme and certainly takes it very seriously. Although, I would go a step further and suggest that we (HER) keep the copy of the highlighted form and send the recruiting manager a short-listing form without the disabled antedates highlighted (if any). That way there will be no way the recruiting manager can indirectly discriminate or think they have a duty to short-list the disabled candidates even if the criteria has not been met.Age Discrimination The Age Discrimination Act is there to protect people of all ages. When advertising as an employer we have to take age discrimination into account, we make sure we avoid words such as young and dynamic' as this may indicate that we are looking for someone of a certain age. Even the placement of an advert needs to be Justified, if oh place an advert in a publication or website that only a certain age group look at that may be seen as indirect discrimination.Therefore, when writing Job adverts for the HOC we focus on the skills attributes needed to fulfill the Job. We use the same methodology through to the selection process, at no point to we ask the candidate their age or D. O. B or direct any question or referen ce to the subject. This is to ensure that all candidates are treated fairly as possible and to give every candidate equal opportunity for being selected. Pregnancy & Maternity This protects women during pregnancy and throughout her Maternity and to any statutory Maternity leave she is entitled to.An employer is not allowed to discriminate against you if pregnant or on maternity leave, examples of this type of discrimination are; * For asking to take time off to attend ante-natal classes * because you are unable to do your Job during your pregnancy for health and safety reasons * because you asked to take maternity leave or you are on maternity leave. * By not giving you what you are entitled to whilst pregnant or on maternity leave If n employee feels they have been treated unfairly because of being pregnant or on maternity leave they could raise a grievance or submit a claim too tribunal.In the few years of being in the HER profession, this is a subject that crops up more often tha n others and can be quite a delicate matter to deal with in some instances. The HOC has gone through a number of changes in the last 5 years, and we as HER professionals need to respond to any changes with internal and external factors that affect us, but most importantly legislation. In order for us to meet the expectations of he legislation we ensure the following; * Perform a Health & Safety risk assessment as soon as we are advised of the pregnancy * KIT days (Keep in Touch Days – 10 of which you are entitled to when on maternity leave). Advise and notify the and 32 weeks half pay with SMS * Flexi-time * Job protection during a restructure whilst pregnant or on maternity leave * Informs an employee of any training and development opportunities available * Full 33 holiday entitlement as well as any bank holidays added to the maternity leave To add to the situation there has been a new developments with The Children's and implies Bill. The Bill was presented to Parliament o n 4th February this year and has been selected to be will carried forward into 2014.The bill seeks to reform legislation such as; Statutory rights to leave and pay for parent's and adopters, time off work for ante-natal care and the right to request flexible working. There are many factors that the HER team need to consider that can affect the recruitment process and how effective it is, which meaner a good planned recruitment and selection system is very important to the employment of the right people.

What Is Kpop

a) What is KPOP? K-pop (an abbreviation of  Korean pop  or  Korean popular music) is a  musical genre  consisting of  dance,  electronic,electropop,  hip hop,  rock, and  R&B  music originating in  South Korea. In addition to music, K-pop has grown into a popular  subculture among teenagers and young adults around the world. b) History of KPOP * Before 1970 An old-fashioned style of Korean pop music called  Trot, influenced by a Japanese pop music of  Enka  during Japanese rule over Korea (1910-1945), was popular in South Korea until the 1980s.As Korea was liberated from Japanese annexation in 1945, the country was divided into two nations: North Korea and South Korea. Western culture  was introduced into South Korea on a small scale with a few Western style bars and clubs playing Western music. The Kim Sisters, Yoon Bok-hee and  Patti Kim  were the first singers to debut in such countries as Vietnam and United States. * 1971-1990 In the 1970s, t he new career of  DJs  became popular, deeply impacting the teenage cultures. Guitars and jeans were the symbols of youth.This resulted in the introduction of more folk singers, such as  Chang Sik Song, Cho Nam Young , and Hee Eun Yang. In 1977, the Seoul International Song Festival was launched, which encouraged cultural exchanges with other countries. In 1980, the Asia Music Forum was launched. National singers from five different Asian countries competed in the event. Cho Yong-pil  won first place and earned a high reputation as a Korean singer in Japan. * 1990s In the 1990s, early versions of Korean pop incorporated  American popular music  styles like  rap,  rock  and  techno  in their music.Since the debut of  Seo Taiji & Boys, multiple singers began to switch their positions while singing and dancing, a strategy called â€Å"formation changing† and a turning point for the establishment of K-pop style  choreography. The founding of South Korea' s largest talent agency and record label,  SM Entertainment, in 1995 by Korean entrepreneur  Lee Soo Man  led to the first K-pop girl groups and boy bands. By the late 1990s,  YG Entertainment,  DSP Entertainment,  JYP Entertainment, and  FNC Music  had burst nto the scene and were producing talent as quickly as the public could consume it. * 2000 – now South Korea is emerging in the 21st century as a major exporter of popular culture. K-pop has been embraced by the South Korean government as a tool for  soft power  abroad, particularly towards youth. K-pop has come from humble beginnings to gain a huge fan base not just in Asia but also other parts of the world,  and is considered by some to be South Korea’s greatest export because of its popularity and growing influence.As South Korea continues to develop its IT infrastructure, K-pop music is being shared over the internet and through mobile devices more rapidly than ever. In 2011,  Billboardà ‚  launched the  Korea K-Pop Hot 100  chart  and  YouTube  created an official K-pop channel. K-pop music videos were viewed more than 2 billion times during 2011, almost three times the 800 million views in 2010. One of the biggest examples of the globalization of KPOP is the emergence of PSY's â€Å"Gangnam Style† on the market.In October 2012, Psy became the first South Korean artist to hit the number 1 spot on top UK charts. On 11-11-2012, PSY won Best Video in Europe Music Award for â€Å"Gangnam Style† The the K-pop Wave or Halyu, a term coined by  Chinese  journalists to refer to the significant increase in the popularity of South Korean entertainment and culture since the late 1990s,  first spread to China, Japan and other Asian countries, including  Taiwan,  Vietnam,  Hong Kong,Philippines,  Malaysia  and  Singapore.The wave has had considerable impact on the  South Korean economy, as well as on the political and cultural influenc e of  South Korea. For example, in 2011 based on international activity the Korean wave added approximately  USD$3. 8 billion dollars of  revenue  to the South Korean economy

Abused Wives essays

Abused Wives essays Every three minutes a woman is raped! Every fifteen seconds a woman is battered! Every six hours a woman is battered to death! (Mckenzie, Cover) Research indicates that half the women in this country will experience some sort of violence, from a husband or boyfriend, in one form or another and more than one-third are battered repeatedly every year. (Wilson, pg. 8) Domestic violence is often dismissed as a problem that affects only a small group of women, however, as the facts show, the problem is not rare. The term wife abuse has many definitions: One of these is the use or threat of physical violence against a partner in a primary relationship. Physical violence is defined as an act that has the potential for physical injury to occur. According to this definition the abused person does not have to be married to the abuser to qualify as an abused victim. In most states, if a woman does not want to press charges against her husband/boyfriend, the case is dropped. Often a woman will not press charges because she is scared of further abuse and/or economic deprivation for her and her children. (Felder, Victor, pg.20) Wife abuse is not a private matter. Its presence undermines society. Furthermore in cases where children are witnessing the abuse, the effects on the children is horrible. Studies show that children who witness wife-abuse are at greater risk for being abused or becoming abusers themselves. Violence begets Violence (Straus, Gelles, Steinmetz, pg.97-101) The Attorney General should prosecute wife-abuse cases with or without the consent of the victim. Throughout history men have been held responsible for their women and children. With that responsibility, men were given power; That is, men historically have had the power to use force to control the behavior of their dependents and were expected to use so-called reasonable force in the exercise of their responsibilitie...

Lucy Burns Was a Militant Activist for Womens Votes

Lucy Burns Was a Militant Activist for Women's Votes Lucy Burns played a key role in the militant wing of the American suffrage movement and in the final win of the 19th Amendment. Occupation: Activist, teacher, scholar Dates: July 28, 1879 - December 22, 1966 Background, Family Father: Edward BurnsSiblings: Fourth of seven Education Parker Collegiate Institute, formerly Brooklyn Female Academy, a preparatory school in BrooklynVassar College, graduated 1902Graduate work at Yale University, Universities of Bonn, Berlin, and Oxford More About Lucy Burns Lucy Burns was born in Brooklyn, New York, in 1879. Her Irish Catholic family was supportive of education, including for girls, and Lucy Burns graduated from Vassar College in 1902. Briefly serving as an English teacher at a public high school in Brooklyn, Lucy Burns spent several years in international study in Germany and then in England, studying linguistics and English. Womens Suffrage in the United Kingdom In England, Lucy Burns met the Pankhurst: Emmeline Pankhurst and daughters Christabel and Sylvia. She became involved in the more militant wing of the movement, with with the Pankhursts were associated, and organized by the Womens Social and Political Union (WPSU). In 1909, Lucy Burns organized a suffrage parade in Scotland. She spoke publicly for suffrage, often wearing a small American flag lapel pin. Arrested frequently for her activism, Lucy Burns dropped her studies to work full time for the suffrage movement as an organizer for the Womens Social and Political Union. Burns learned much about activism, and much, in particular, about the press and public relations as part of a suffrage campaign. Lucy Burns and Alice Paul While at a police station in London after one WPSU event, Lucy Burns met Alice Paul, another American participant in the protests there. The two became friends and co-workers in the suffrage movement, beginning to consider what might be the result of bringing these more militant tactics to the American movement, long stalled in its fight for suffrage. The American Womens Suffrage Movement Burns moved back to the United States in 1912. Burns and Alice Paul joined the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA), then headed by Anna Howard Shaw, becoming leaders in the Congressional Committee within that organization. The two presented a proposal to the 1912 convention, advocating for holding whatever party was in power responsible for passing womens suffrage, making the party the target of opposition by pro-suffrage voters if they did not. They also advocated for federal action on suffrage, where the NAWSA had taken a state-by-state approach. Even with the help of Jane Addams, Lucy Burns and Alice Paul failed to get the approval of their plan. The NAWSA also voted not to support the Congressional Committee financially, though they did accept a proposal for a suffrage march during Wilsons 1913 inauguration, one which was infamously attacked and two hundred marchers were injured and which brought public attention back to the suffrage movement. Congressional Union for Woman Suffrage So Burns and Paul formed the Congressional Union - still part of the NAWSA (and including the NAWSA name), but separately organized and funded. Lucy Burns was elected as one of the executives of the new organization. By April of 1913, NAWSA demanded that the Congressional Union no longer use the NAWSA in the title. The Congressional Union was then admitted as an auxiliary of NAWSA. At the 1913 NAWSA convention, Burns and Paul again made proposals for radical political action: with Democrats in control of the White House and Congress, the proposal would target all incumbents if they failed to support federal womens suffrage. President Wilsons actions, in particular, angered many of the suffragists: first he endorsed suffrage, then failed to include suffrage in his State of the Union address, then excused himself from meeting with representatives of the suffrage movement, and finally backed off from his support of federal suffrage action in favor of state-by-state decisions. The working relationship of the Congressional Union and NAWSA was not successful, and on February 12, 1914, the two organizations officially split. NAWSA remained committed to state-by-state suffrage, including supporting a national constitutional amendment that would have made it simpler to introduce woman suffrage votes in the remaining states. Lucy Burns and Alice Paul saw such support as half measures, and the Congressional Union went to work in 1914 to defeat Democrats in Congressional elections. Lucy Burns went to California to organize women voters there. In 1915, Anna Howard Shaw had retired from the NAWSA presidency and Carrie Chapman Catt had taken her place, but Catt also believed in working state-by-state and in working with the party in power, not against it. Lucy Burns became editor of the Congressional Unions paper, The Suffragist, and continued to work for more federal action and with more militancy. In December of 1915, an attempt to bring the NAWSA and the Congressional Union back together failed. Picketing, Protesting, and Jail Burns and Paul then began working to form a National Womans Party (NWP), with a founding convention in June of 1916, with the primary goal of passing a federal suffrage amendment. Burns applied her skills as an organizer and publicist and was key to the work of the NWP. The National Womans Party began a campaign of picketing outside the White House. Many, including Burns, opposed the entry of the United States into World War I, and would not stop picketing in the name of patriotism and national unity. Police arrested the protestors, over and over, and Burns was among those sent to Occoquan Workhouse for protesting. In jail, Burns continued to organize, imitating the hunger strikes of the British suffrage workers with which Burns was experienced. She also worked to organize the prisoners in declaring themselves political prisoners and demanding rights as such. Burns was arrested for more protesting after she was released from jail, and she was in Occoquan Workhouse during the infamous Night of Terror when the women prisoners were subjected to brutal treatment and refused medical help. After the prisoners responded with a hunger strike, the prison officials began force-feeding the women, including Lucy Burns, who was held down by five guards and a feeding tube forced through her nostrils. Wilson Responds The publicity around the treatment of the jailed women finally moved the Wilson administration to act. The Anthony Amendment (named for Susan B. Anthony), which would give women the vote nationally, was passed by the House of Representatives in 1918, though it failed in the Senate later that year. Burns and Paul led the NWP in resuming White House protests - and more jailings - as well as in working to support the election of more pro-suffrage candidates. In May of 1919, President Wilson called a special session of Congress to consider the Anthony Amendment. The House passed it in May and the Senate followed in early June. Then the suffrage activists, including in the National Womens Party, worked for state ratification, finally winning ratification when Tennessee voted for the amendment in August 1920. Retirement Lucy Burns retired from public life and activism. She was embittered at the many women, especially married women, who did not work for suffrage, and at those she thought were not sufficiently militant in support of suffrage. She retired to Brooklyn, living with two of her also-unmarried sisters, and raised the daughter of another of her sisters who died shortly after childbirth. She was active in her Roman Catholic Church. She died in Brooklyn in 1966. Religion: Roman Catholic Organizations: Congressional Union for Women Suffrage, National Womans Party

Wall Street Journal Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Wall Street Journal - Research Paper Example Discussion Insider trading has been viewed to be one of the common and widespread issues in this modern financial market. There were many cases that were reported regarding inside trading. According to an article written by Bray (2013), former director of Goldman Sachs named Mr. Rajat Gupta was accused of being involved in a case relating to the issue of insider trading. Mr. Gupta was being convicted for sharing business secrets that he has learnt as a board member of the company with hedge-fund executive named Raj Rajaratnam and other business members. Mr. Gupta was sent for a two year imprisonment for conducting this unlawful offense. It has been apparently observed that the issue of insider trading is highly unethical. People would be benefited from using insider information but it is not morally correct. It has been viewed from the article that apart from the imprisonment, Mr. Gupta would also have to repay $6.2 billion in regard to legal fees and expenses occurred linked with th e case of insider trading. It is quite significant to understand that insider trading is regarded as an unlawful as well as unethical activity as this affects the performance of the businesses by a greater level. It is ethically not correct for Mr. Rajat Gupta to conduct such practices as it violates the duty of trust as well as confidentiality of the company. Moreover, it has been observed that the penalty that has been imposed over Mr. Gupta is completely on the basis of the proofs that were presented on the court2. In this similar context, there pertains other case relating to the critical issue of insider trading. According to the case, it has been observed that the younger brother of Raj Rajaratnam named Rengan Rajaratnam was accused for conducting the activity of insider trading. In this similar concern, it has been viewed that he was mainly accused due to sharing valuable business information particularly to Clearwire Corp. as well as Advanced Micro Devices Inc. It can be aff irmed that by conducting this practice, he violated the confidentiality of the company that can be regarded as immoral as well as illegal. He made a profit of $1.2 million illegally from performing the activity of insider trading. The information about the illegal conduct that performed by Rengan was observed by the Foreign Bureau of Investigation (FBI) from the telephonic conversation that was recorded between Rengan and one of his friend. Also, it would be worth mentioning that insider trading effects economy and might also lead to market crash at large3. Again in an article presented by Rothfeld, Eaglesham and Bray (2013), it has been noticed that one of the most well known investment firms i.e. SAC Capital Advisors LP would have to pay a huge amount of money for involving in two particular cases of insider trading. It has been apparently observed in this particular circumstance that the company has to pay more than what they have earned from the conduct of insider trading as a p enalty. Also, it has been viewed that a few of the employees of the company have been convicted relating t the case of insider trading in the past few years. Investigations revealed that Mr. Steven A. Cohen (founder of SAC) was guilty of sharing important inside information to Dell Inc and Nvidia Corp. The shared information aided the companies to avoid a trading loss of more

The Exchange Relationship Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Exchange Relationship - Term Paper Example Several issues arise in the marketing of the product since every movement is directed by the expectations of the customers. This makes the company have little power to themselves but only hope that through promotion the customers will accept and buy their goods and services. The company therefore carefully plans the stages it has to pass through and gets the right expertise to handle the stages (Berthon, et al., 2003). Companies before launching the products into the market, comprehensive research must be conducted to ascertain how the product can be well marketed at the current demand of the buyers. Therefore the company considers a number of issues notably if the product is not an easy sell of itself into the market sector. Assessment of the strength, weakness and water tight opportunities of selling the product should be greatly considered. Through knowing the set standards of the market by other competitors then it is possible to deliver within certain expectation and this necess itates the making of the prices for the product without exploiting the clients and also making loss in operation (Berthon, et al., 2003). ... is important to consider the methods of product promotion to convince the clients that what the company is offering meets there demand (Weitz & Sandy, 1995). Within the period or marketing the product, the company has to educate the clients and to a far extent allow them to debate on the merits of the product in collaboration of their experience and interaction with the situation that demands the use of the product. This gives as the concept of experiential exchange where customer’s choice being necessitated by previous encounters of such a need (Berthon, et al., 2003). In the case of offering funeral services, consideration of the way the client in question views the matter is important. People of different status expect different treatment in provision of services. A time, it becomes difficult to sell the services efficiently when you are not very flexible (Berthon, et al., 2003). In most circumstances rich people have a notion of showing off and in need of expensive and cer emonious occasions which will be recalled at all moments. Therefore preceding services provided by the company becomes of great support in making the business to sell with much ease (Weitz & Sandy, 1995). In comparing with those living a moderate life in the community, the cost of the service should be at a state which can be accessed. Offering or rather catering for those services expensively may automatically make marketing difficult (Weitz & Sandy, 1995). How companies effectively approach this relation Companies get judged by what and how they offer their products. The relation between the company and the customer can effectively be approach through various ways. It is important in any business to make promises that one can fulfill them. Making a promise to deliver certain expectations or

Assignment 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 5

Assignment 2 - Essay Example As well as in Hosea 3:1, wherein the passage goes: â€Å"The Lord said to me, ‘Go, show your love to your wife again, though she is loved by another and is an adulteress. Love her as the Lord loves the Israelites, though they turn to other gods and love the sacred raisin cakes.’† In the Old Testament, the Israelites repeatedly rejected God and did wrong, but God continued to love them, and all other people. God’s character and actions show that He makes a covenant with His people to love them continuously, yet inspire fear in them so that they may not turn away from Him; and those who do His bidding will be rewarded in the highest form, just as stated in Jeremiah 32:40-41. Even those whom God may seem to speak against are still loved by Him, just as it is in Jeremiah 31:20, which say: â€Å"‘Is not Ephraim my dear son, the child in whom I delight? Though I often speak against him, I still remember him. Therefore my heart yearns for him; I have great compassion for him,’ declares the Lord.† Much is made of God’s wrath in the Old Testament, however, when He punishes, he does with reluctance – which still shows His love for His people. Lamentations 3:31-33 writes â€Å"For the Lord will not reject forever. Although he causes grief, he will have compassion according to the abundance of his steadfast love; for he does not willingly afflict or grieve anyone.† Such of God’s character is also evident in Ezekiel 18:31-32 wherein God asks His people to repent. To repent and live, so that He may not punish them, for He takes no pleasure in punishing them. He asks them to rid themselves of their offenses and get a new heart and spirit. God often pleads the Israelites to repent so that He may give them blessings. Anyone who was experiencing God’s punishments could end it immediately just by simply repenting. In the Old Testament, Jesus has not come yet, and therefore God arranged for His

Tracks Covering in Penetration Testing

Tracks Covering in Penetration Testing Er. Ramesh Narwal Er. Gaurav Gupta Abstract After completing attack, covering tracks is the next step in penetration testing. In tracks covering after completing attack we will return to each exploited system to erase tracks and clean up all footprints we left behind. Tracks covering is important because it gives clue to forensics analyst or Intrusion Detection System (IDS). Sometimes it’s difficult to hide all tracks but an attacker can manipulate the system to confuse the examiner and make it almost impossible to identify the extent of the attacker. In this research paper we describe all of the methods used in tracks covering and their future scope. Keywords: Exploit, Payload, Vulnerability Assessment, Penetration Testing, Track Covering Introduction Penetration testing is nowadays an important organisation security testing method. Penetration testing is also known as Pentesting. Main objective of penetration testing is to identify the security threats in networks, systems, servers and applications. Penetration testing consists of various phases which we discuss in overview of penetration testing. After gaining administrative access on a system or server, attacker first task is to cover their tracks to prevent detection of his current and past presence in the system. An attacker or intruder may also try to remove evidence of their identity or activities on the system to prevent tracing of their identity or location by authorities. To prevent himself an attacker usually erases all error messages, alerts or security events that have been logged. Overview of Penetration Testing Penetration Testing used for validation and effectiveness of security protections and controls of an organisation. It reduce an organisation’s expenditure on IT security by identifying an remediating vulnerabilities or loopholes. It provides preventive steps that can prevent upcoming exploitation. Penetration testing phases Pre-engagement Interactions Intelligence Gathering Threat Modeling Vulnerability Analysis Exploitation Post Exploitation Covering Tracks Reporting Pre-engagement Interactions Planning is the first step in pre-engagement. During this phase scope, goal and terms of the penetration test is finalised with the client. Target and methods of planned attacks are also finalised in this phase. Intelligence Gathering This is most important phase if we miss something here we might miss an entire opportunity of attack. All information regarding target is gathered by using social media networks, google hacking and other methods. Our primary goal during this phase to gain accurate information about target without revealing our presence, to learn how organisation operates and to determine the best entry point. Threat Modeling The information acquired in intelligence gathering phase used in this phase to identify existing vulnerabilities on the target system. In threat modelling, we determine the most effective attack methods, the information type we need and how attack can be implemented at an organisation. Vulnerability Analysis Vulnerability is loophole or weakness in the system, network or product by using which can compromise it. After identification of most effective attack method, we consider how we can access the target. During this phase we combine information acquired in previous phases and use that information to find out most effective attack. Port and Vulnerability scans are performe in this phase and all data is also gathered from previous phases. Exploitation Exploit is a code which allows an attacker to take advantage of the flaw or vulnerability within system, application or service. We must perform exploit only when we are sure that the particular exploit will be successful. May be unforeseen protective measures might be on the target that inhibit a particular exploit. Before trigger a vulnerability we must sure that the system is vulnerable. Our exploit must do proper clean-up after execution at compromised system and must not cause the compromised system to grow into unstable state. Given below figure shows some system shutdown prompt at compromised windows machine due to without proper clean-up of exploit after execution. After successful exploitation the compromised system is under the control of an attacker. Many times attacker or penetration tester need to alter the compromised or breached systems to attain privilege escalation. Post Exploitation Payload is actual code which executed on the compromised system after exploitation. Post Exploitation phase begins after compromised one or more systems. In this phase penetration tester identifies critical infrastructure, targets specific systems, targets information and data that values most and that must be attempted to secure. In Post Exploitation while attacking systems we should take time to understand what the system do and their different user roles. Every tester and attacker generally spend time in compromised system to understand the information he have and how he can take benefit from that information. After gaining access of one system an attacker can access other systems in that network by using compromised as a staging point. This method is known as pivoting. Sometimes attackers creates backdoor into the compromised system to regain access of the system in the future Covering Tracks In the previous phases penetration tester or attacker often made significant changes to the compromised systems to exploit the sytems or to gain administrative rights. This is the final stage in penetration test in which an attack clears all the changes made by himself in the compromised systems and returns the system and all compromised hosts to the precise configurations as they are before conducting penetration test. Reporting All of the information like vulnerability reports, diagrams and exploitation results generated during penetration testing must be deleted after handover to the client. If any information is not deleted it should be in the knowledge of client and mentioned in the technical report which is generated after penetration testing. Reporting is the last phase in penetration test in which penetration tester organise available data and related result sets into report and present that report to the client. This report is highly confidential which have all the results of penetration tests like vulnerabilities list in the organisation systems, networks or products and recommendations to solve these problems related to the security of the organisation assets, which helps organisation in stopping future attacks. How to cover tracks To compromise system successfully an attacker need to be stealthy and avoid detection by various security systems like firewalls, Intrusion detection systems (IDS). System administrators and other security personals uses similar techniques to identify malicious activities, so it’s very important for attacker to be remains undetected. A system administrator can examine processes and log files to check malicious activities. There are various challenges which are faced by a penetration tester after successfully compromise of target system. Now we describe various problem faced by a penetration tester in covering tracks Manipulating Log Files Data To manipulate log files data an attacker must have nice knowledge of commonly used operating systems. An attacker must aware of two types of log files system generated and application generated. Penetraion tester or attacker have two options when manipulating log data first one is to delete entire log and second one is to modify the content of the log file. After deleting entire log an attacker there is surety of undetectability. But there is drawback of deletion of entire log is detection. Second option an attacker have to manipulation of log files data within the log files so that system administrator is not able to notice attacker presence in the system. But sometimes if attacker removal of so much information make gap between logs files makes it noticeable. Log Files Management in Various System Main purpose of log files in various operating systems is to check health and state of operating system, to detect malicious activity, to analysis system if something bad happens(system troubleshooting). Here we show locations of log files in commonly used operating systems Windows, Linux/Unix, Mac. Windows In windows log files or stored in event viewer, which is easy to find simply search event viewer and run it. Event viewer is simply look like the figure as given below, where we can see all log files of the system and applications. Figure : Log Files Managements in Windows Linux/Unix In mainly all linux and unix operating systems log files are stored in the /var/log directory. Mainly system log files are hidden in linux and unix operating systems to see complete list of log files from shell simply type ls –l /var/log/ command in shell. In the below figure we show log files in BackTrack linux operating system Figure : Log Files Management in Linux/Unix Mac To get or access log files in MAC operating system simply open finder and select â€Å"Go to Folder† in the Go menu. Type in /Library/Logs and hit Enter here you get the screen like as given in figure which contains all log files. Figure : Log Files Management in Mac OS X To manipulation of log files data an attacker must have root privileges. Challenges in Manipulation of Log Files If the system administrator configures its system to transfer all log files on the remote server time to time, in that case an attacker or penetration tester can only stop log files transfer process except it they have no other way. Hiding Files Various Tools for Covering Tracks There are so many to compromise a system but after compromising the system the attack must need to cover their tracks because each and every activity that attacker can do is stored or recorded by the system. Every system have different way to record the activity that occurs in the system. Every attacker must covers their tracks that are recorded by the system so that no one can identify him.